Minecraft on Linode with Ubuntu 12.04

Updated Monday, February 4, 2019 by Linode Written by Alex Fornuto

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This guide shows you how to set up a personal Minecraft server on a Linode running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (64 bit).

Minecraft has rapidly become one of the more popular online games for kids and adults alike. It is a sandbox game, offering a limitless world in which to create, as well as an end goal to strive towards: defeating the Ender Dragon and The Wither.

The game starts you in the vast wilderness with nothing but your bare hands. By chopping at trees you can acquire wood. With the wood you can construct a crafting bench, and with that simple tools. The more materials you gather, the more you can create. As you explore you will encounter monsters, lava, and other hazards that could spell disaster for your character. Counter these dangers with armor, enchantments, traps, and seek out the path to The End.

Running your own Minecraft server allows you to control whom you play with, and keeps a persistent world available whenever you want to rejoin the game.

In this guide, we will show you how to install the official or Vanilla server version of Minecraft, but you can use the same instructions for Craftbukkit or Spigot, which are popular versions of Minecraft that allow plugins and customization. We will also show you how to create a new user to run the Minecraft server.

Preparation

In this section, we’ll prepare your Linode for installing the Minecraft server.

We recommend that you install the Minecraft on at least a Linode 2GB so it runs smoothly.
We will also be installing Oracle Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 7 as a prerequisite.

Update Your System

Log in to your Linode via SSH.
Gain administrator privileges:
```
su
```
Execute the following two commands to make sure your packages are up to date:
```
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
```

Install Oracle JRE

This guide uses Oracle JRE 7, which offers the best performance for your Minecraft server, but is not available in Ubuntu’s repositories. The website webupd8.org has provided instructions for installing the official version on Debian-based systems, including Ubuntu. The full guide is here.

For convenience, all the necessary commands for installing JRE 7 are also listed below.

Run these commands to set up the third-party repository for the Oracle JRE:

apt-get install python-software-properties
add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java

You will see the following output, which provides more information on the method we’re using to install Java. Press Enter when the final prompt appears:

You are about to add the following PPA to your system:
Oracle Java (JDK) Installer (automatically downloads and installs Oracle
JDK6 / JDK7 / JDK8). There are no actual Java files in this PPA. More info:
http://www.webupd8.org/2012/01/install-oracle-java-jdk-7-in-ubuntu-via.html
More info: https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/java
Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it

Then run the following commands to install JRE:
```
apt-get update
apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
```
You will need to agree to Oracle’s license agreement.

Test the installation by running this command:

java -version

You should see the following output:

java version "1.7.0_40"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_40-b43)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.0-b56, mixed mode)

If you don’t see this output or you get errors, refer to webupd8.org’s guide for more steps. Or if you prefer, you can download the installer for Oracle’s JRE directly from Oracle, and install it on your own.

Install and Set Up Minecraft

There are many popular versions of the Minecraft server, but for this guide we’ll be using the official version. You can follow these same steps with the third-party servers as well. One of the more popular versions is Craftbukkit. The list of available CraftBukkit versions is available here.

To find the latest version of the Minecraft server, visit the Minecraft download page.

Create the user to run the server:
```
adduser minecraft
```
Switch to the minecraft user:
```
su minecraft
```
Move into the minecraft user’s home directory:
```
cd
```
Download the latest version of the Minecraft server:
```
wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/Minecraft.Download/versions/1.6.4/minecraft_server.1.6.4.jar
```
Note
This URL will change as Minecraft is updated. Please check the downloads page for the current URL.
Using your preferred text editor, create the following text file. This is a script that invokes the JRE and tells it to run Minecraft:
/home/minecraft/run.sh
1 2 3 4 5

#!/bin/sh BINDIR=$(dirname "$(readlink -fn "$0")") cd "$BINDIR" java -Xms1024M -Xmx1536M -jar minecraft_server.1.6.4.jar -o true
Note
If you are using a different or newer version of the Minecraft server, make sure to adjust this file to name the correct .jar file.

The variable -Xms defines for Java the minimum amount of memory to allocate for the Minecraft server, and -Xmx defines the maximum. These values are set for a Linode 2GB, but you will want to adjust these numbers based on your Linode’s size and other uses.
Make the script executable:
```
chmod +x run.sh
```
Exit the minecraft user’s shell:
```
exit
```
We recommend running Minecraft from a screen session under your username, and running the server as the minecraft user. Screen is already installed on Ubuntu 12.04, and is available in most Linux distributions’ repositories. With the Minecraft server running in a screen session, you can keep it running even when you disconnect from the Linode. When you reconnect, you can access the Minecraft console again with the screen -rd command and the name you gave the screen session. To put Minecraft into a screen session, execute the following command:
```
screen -S minecraft
```
Note
To leave this screen session running in the background, type CTRL-a and then d. You can now safely exit from your SSH session. To reattach to the session later, use the command screen -rd minecraft.
In your screen session (which you started in the previous step), switch to the minecraft user:
```
su minecraft
```
Change your working directory:
```
cd
```

Launch the server:

./run.sh

This will take several seconds, as the server needs to generate the initial environment for your players. Once you see the output Done, your server is live:

minecraft@li510-161:~$ ./run.sh
2013-09-22 23:37:24 [INFO] Starting minecraft server version 1.6.4
2013-09-22 23:37:24 [INFO] Loading properties
2013-09-22 23:37:24 [WARNING] server.properties does not exist
2013-09-22 23:37:24 [INFO] Generating new properties file
2013-09-22 23:37:24 [INFO] Default game type: SURVIVAL
2013-09-22 23:37:24 [INFO] Generating keypair
2013-09-22 23:37:26 [INFO] Starting Minecraft server on *:25565
2013-09-22 23:37:26 [WARNING] Failed to load operators list: java.io.FileNotFoundException: ./ops.txt (No such file or directory)
2013-09-22 23:37:26 [WARNING] Failed to load white-list: java.io.FileNotFoundException: ./white-list.txt (No such file or directory)
2013-09-22 23:37:26 [INFO] Preparing level "world"
2013-09-22 23:37:28 [INFO] Preparing start region for level 0
2013-09-22 23:37:29 [INFO] Preparing spawn area: 0%
2013-09-22 23:37:30 [INFO] Preparing spawn area: 2%
2013-09-22 23:37:31 [INFO] Preparing spawn area: 4%
....
2013-09-22 23:37:53 [INFO] Preparing spawn area: 89%
2013-09-22 23:37:54 [INFO] Preparing spawn area: 95%
2013-09-22 23:37:55 [INFO] Done (29.209s)! For help, type "help" or "?"

Configure Your Minecraft Client

For you and your friends to play Minecraft, you will all need to install the Minecraft client on your computers.

Visit minecraft.net.
Create an account, which you will use to log in to your Minecraft client and to access your (or any other) server.
Download the Minecraft client from the Minecraft website.
Run the Minecraft client.
Log in with the credentials you created in Step 2.
Click Multiplayer.
Click Add server.
In the Server Name field, enter your desired name for your Minecraft server. This is only for your convenience, and will only be visible to you.
In the Server Address field, enter your Linode’s IP address, or any domain that resolves to your Linode.
Click Done to return to the server list screen.

Note
Sometimes the Minecraft Client will show a newly-added server as unavailable the first time around. Just click the Refresh button to reload the screen.
Double-click your newly-added server to log in.

Congratulations! You’ve created a working Minecraft server. Feel free to look around and begin playing, but remember that your work isn’t done yet, and your server is not yet fully configured. Once you’re ready, log out and continue with this guide.

Configure Your Minecraft Server

Once you’re ready to continue and have logged out of your server, log back in to your Linode.

Rejoin your screen session:
```
screen -rd minecraft
```
Switch to the minecraft user:
```
su minecraft
```
Change your working directory:
```
cd
```
Stop the Minecraft server:
```
stop
```

Take a look at what’s just been created for us, so we can start configuring the server:

2013-09-22 23:47:27 [INFO] Stopping the server
2013-09-22 23:47:27 [INFO] Stopping server
2013-09-22 23:47:27 [INFO] Saving players
2013-09-22 23:47:27 [INFO] Saving worlds
2013-09-22 23:47:27 [INFO] Saving chunks for level 'world'/Overworld
java.net.SocketException: Socket closed
        at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketAccept(Native Method)
        at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.accept(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:398)
        at java.net.ServerSocket.implAccept(ServerSocket.java:530)
        at java.net.ServerSocket.accept(ServerSocket.java:498)
        at iy.run(SourceFile:61)
2013-09-22 23:47:27 [INFO] Closing listening thread
2013-09-22 23:47:27 [INFO] Saving chunks for level 'world'/Nether
2013-09-22 23:47:27 [INFO] Saving chunks for level 'world'/The End
minecraft@li510-161:~$

These next sections contain descriptions for certain files or directories in your /minecraft directory. These are not all the files that you may want to configure, nor are these complete descriptions. For more details, see the Minecraft Wiki.

Edit the Configuration Files

In the /minecraft home folder, run this command:

cd

Now that the server has been started once, you will see (in addition to the run.sh file) several new files and directories. Below are explanations and instructions on how to use them.

Edit the ops.txt file:
```
nano /home/minecraft/ops.txt
```
This file holds the usernames of players that have ops privileges on your server, each on their own line. Add your Minecraft username to this file, but be careful who else you put on this list. Players on this list can change their game mode, ban and unban players, etc. You can also add players to the ops list while the server is running by typing op playername into the server console, or /op playername from within the game (replacing playername with the actual name of the player). Note that you need to add your player name to this list manually or from the console in order to be able to do so from within the game for other users.
Edit the white list:
```
nano /home/minecraft/white-list.txt
```
If you decide you want to make your server accessible only to select players, you can add their names to the file white-list.txt. You will need to edit the server.properties file as described in step 3, and change white-list=false to white-list=true.
Edit the server.properties file:
```
nano server.properties
```
In addition to changing the white list settings as described in Step 2, you can also use this file to change the public message for your Minecraft server. Edit the motd=A Minecraft Server line to show the name or phrase for your server that you want to display publicly.

Any time you modify these files while the game is running, you will need to stop and restart the server for the changes to take effect.

Description of Directories

/world
/world_nether
/world_the_end

The directories world, world_nether, and world-the-end contain the map and player data for those realms in your game. We suggest backing up these directories on a regular basis so that you can revert to previous versions in case of catastrophe or griefing. These directories may be in different locations, depending on which version of the Minecraft server you installed. Note that the directories for the nether and the end will not be created until a player goes to this area on the server.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

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This guide is published under a CC BY-ND 4.0 license.

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