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Installing NGINX on Debian 10

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What is NGINX?

NGINX is an open source web server with powerful load balancing, reverse proxy, and caching features. It was initially designed to solve scaling and concurrency problems with existing web servers. Its event-based, asynchronous architecture has made it one of the most popular and best-performing web servers available.

Before You Begin

  1. Set up your Linode in the Getting Started and Securing your Server guides.

  2. If you want a custom domain name for your site, you can set this up using our DNS Manager guide.

    Note

    This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, visit our Users and Groups guide.

    All configuration files should be edited with elevated privileges. Remember to include sudo before running your text editor.

Install NGINX

Currently, the best way to install NGINX on Debian 10 is to use the version included in Debian’s repositories:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx

Add a Basic Site

  1. Create a new directory for your site. Replace example.com with your site’s domain name.

    sudo mkdir /var/www/example.com

  2. You can add your site’s files in your /var/www/example.com directory. Create an index file with a simple “Hello World” example. Using the text editor of your choice, create a new file, /var/www/example.com/index.html. Replace example.com with your website’s domain name or your Linode’s public IP address.

    /var/www/example.com/index.html 
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    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>My Basic Website</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <header>
            <h1>Hello World!</h1>
        </header>
    </body>
</html>

Configure NGINX

NGINX site-specific configuration files are kept in /etc/nginx/sites-available and symlinked to /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/. Generally, you will create a new file containing a server block in the sites-available directory for each domain or subdomain you will be hosting. Then, you will set up a symlink to your files in the sites-enabled directory.

  1. Disable the default configuration file by removing the symlink in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/:

    sudo unlink /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

  2. Create a configuration file for your site in the text editor of your choice. Replace example.com in the server_name directive with your site’s domain name or IP address:

    /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com 
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    server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name  example.com;

    root /var/www/example.com;
    index index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
}

  3. Set up a new symlink to the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ directory to enable your configuration:

    sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Test NGINX

  1. Test your configuration for errors:

    sudo nginx -t

  2. Reload the configuration:

    sudo nginx -s reload

  3. Navigate to your Linode’s domain name or IP address in a browser. You should see your simple page displayed.

Advanced Configuration

For more advanced configuration options, including security and performance optimizations and TLS setup, see our four-part series on NGINX:

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

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This guide is published under a CC BY-ND 4.0 license.